Definition:
Terminals: Terminals are devices located in the conditioned space of a building that deliver heating, cooling, or ventilation from the central HVAC system to individual rooms or zones. These components, which can include fan coil units, variable air volume (VAV) boxes, or radiant panels, regulate the flow of air or water to maintain desired temperature and comfort levels in specific areas of a building.
Additional Facts
- VAV Terminals: Variable Air Volume terminals regulate airflow in HVAC systems, adjusting the amount of conditioned air delivered to different zones based on demand.
- Fan-Powered Terminals: These units incorporate a small fan to mix primary air with plenum air, enhancing air distribution and temperature control in specific areas.
- Chilled Beam Terminals: Utilize chilled water to cool spaces through convection, offering energy-efficient cooling without the need for ductwork.
- Induction Units: Combine primary air with room air to provide heating or cooling, often used in perimeter zones of buildings for improved comfort control.
- Diffuser Terminals: Distribute conditioned air evenly throughout a space, available in various designs to suit different ceiling types and airflow patterns.
Fundamental Mechanisms
| Mechanism | Purpose | Key Components | Critical Issue | Impact of Failure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air Handling Units (AHUs) | Condition and distribute air throughout the terminal | Fans, cooling/heating coils, filters, dampers | Improper maintenance leading to reduced efficiency | Poor air quality, inconsistent temperatures, increased energy costs |
| Chilled Water System | Provide cooling for air conditioning | Chillers, cooling towers, pumps, piping | Water leaks or contamination | Insufficient cooling, system shutdown, potential water damage |
| Boiler System | Generate hot water or steam for heating | Boiler, burners, heat exchangers, pumps | Scale buildup or burner malfunction | Reduced heating capacity, increased energy consumption, safety hazards |
| Ventilation System | Ensure proper air exchange and indoor air quality | Exhaust fans, ductwork, air intakes, dampers | Blockages or fan failures | Poor air quality, potential health risks, non-compliance with regulations |
| Building Automation System (BAS) | Monitor and control HVAC operations | Sensors, controllers, software, network infrastructure | Software glitches or sensor inaccuracies | Inefficient system operation, increased energy usage, occupant discomfort |