Definition:
Passive solar heating: Passive solar heating is an architectural approach that utilizes the sun’s energy to warm interior spaces without the need for mechanical systems or additional energy input. By strategically designing building elements such as windows, thermal mass, and insulation, passive solar heating can effectively capture, store, and distribute solar heat to maintain comfortable indoor temperatures throughout the day.
Additional Facts
- Passive Solar Design: Incorporates large, south-facing windows to maximize sunlight exposure and heat gain during colder months.
- Thermal Mass: Utilizes materials like concrete, brick, or water to absorb and store heat from sunlight during the day and release it at night.
- Trombe Walls: Consist of a dark-colored wall facing the sun with a glass layer in front, creating a greenhouse effect to trap and distribute heat.
- Sunrooms: Act as solar collectors, capturing warmth from the sun and transferring it to adjacent living spaces through convection and radiation.
- Solar Chimneys: Use the stack effect to create natural ventilation, drawing cool air in and expelling warm air, thus regulating indoor temperatures.
Fundamental Mechanisms
| Mechanism | Purpose | Key Components | Critical Issue | Impact of Failure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar Orientation | Maximizes solar heat gain | South-facing windows, thermal mass materials | Incorrect building orientation or window placement | Reduced heat gain, increased reliance on auxiliary heating |
| Thermal Mass Storage | Absorbs and releases heat gradually | Concrete floors, stone walls, water containers | Insufficient thermal mass or poor material selection | Inability to store heat effectively, temperature fluctuations |
| Insulation System | Retains captured solar heat | Wall insulation, roof insulation, weatherstripping | Inadequate insulation or thermal bridging | Heat loss, reduced efficiency, cold spots |
| Glazing System | Allows solar radiation to enter while reducing heat loss | Low-E glass, double/triple pane windows | Poor quality glazing or improper installation | Excessive heat loss, unwanted heat gain in summer |
| Natural Ventilation | Controls overheating and distributes heat | Operable windows, vents, thermal chimneys | Inadequate airflow design or obstructed openings | Overheating, poor heat distribution, stagnant air |